- Added Chebyshev, Legenre and Sacherer modes

for spectral_density()
- Corrected Hermite mode to include normalisation by the mode number
- some authorefactoring

mbtrack2/utilities/spectrum.py

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ Module where bunch and beam spectrums and profile are defined.
 """
 
 import numpy as np
+from scipy.special import jv, spherical_jn
 
-def spectral_density(frequency, sigma, m = 1, mode="Hermite"):
+
+def spectral_density(frequency, sigma, m=1, k=0, mode="Hermite"):
     """
     Compute the spectral density of different modes for various values of the
     head-tail mode number, based on Table 1 p238 of [1].
-    
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     frequency : list or numpy array
@@ -18,26 +20,43 @@ def spectral_density(frequency, sigma, m = 1, mode="Hermite"):
         RMS bunch length in [s]
     m : int, optional
         head-tail (or azimutal/synchrotron) mode number
+    k : int, optional
+        radial mode number (such that |q|=m+2k, where |q| is the head-tail mode number)
     mode: str, optional
         type of the mode taken into account for the computation:
-        -"Hermite" modes for Gaussian bunches
+        -"Hermite" modes for Gaussian bunches (typical for electrons)
+        -"Chebyshev" for airbag bunches
+        -"Legendre" for parabolic bunches (typical for protons)
+        -"Sacherer" or "Sinusoidal" simplifying approximation of Legendre modes from [3]
 
     Returns
     -------
     numpy array
-    
+
     References
     ----------
     [1] : Handbook of accelerator physics and engineering, 3rd printing.
+    [2] : Ng, K. Y. (2005). Physics of intensity dependent beam instabilities. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/5835
+    [3] : Sacherer, F. J. (1972). Methods for computing bunched beam instabilities. CERN Tech. rep. CERN/SI-BR/72-5 https://cds.cern.ch/record/2291670?ln=en
     """
-    
+
     if mode == "Hermite":
-        return (2*np.pi*frequency*sigma)**(2*m)*np.exp(
-                -1*(2*np.pi*frequency*sigma)**2)
+        return 1/(np.math.factorial(m)*2**m)*(2*np.pi*frequency*sigma)**(2*m)*np.exp(
+            -(2*np.pi*frequency*sigma)**2)
+    elif mode == "Chebyshev":
+        tau_l = 4*sigma
+        return (jv(m, 2*np.pi*frequency*tau_l))**2
+    elif mode == "Legendre":
+        tau_l = 4*sigma
+        return (spherical_jn(m,  np.abs(2*np.pi*frequency*tau_l)))**2
+    elif mode == "Sacherer" or mode == "Sinusoidal":
+        y = 4*2*np.pi*frequency*sigma/np.pi
+        return (2*(m+1)/np.pi*1/np.abs(y**2-(m+1)**2)*np.sqrt(1+(-1)**m*np.cos(np.pi*y)))**2
     else:
         raise NotImplementedError("Not implemanted yet.")
-        
-def gaussian_bunch_spectrum(frequency, sigma): 
+
+
+def gaussian_bunch_spectrum(frequency, sigma):
     """
     Compute a Gaussian bunch spectrum [1].
 
@@ -52,7 +71,7 @@ def gaussian_bunch_spectrum(frequency, sigma):
     -------
     bunch_spectrum : array
         Bunch spectrum sampled at points given in frequency.
-        
+
     References
     ----------
     [1] : Gamelin, A. (2018). Collective effects in a transient microbunching 
@@ -60,7 +79,8 @@ def gaussian_bunch_spectrum(frequency, sigma):
     """
     return np.exp(-1/2*(2*np.pi*frequency)**2*sigma**2)
 
-def gaussian_bunch(time, sigma): 
+
+def gaussian_bunch(time, sigma):
     """
     Compute a Gaussian bunch profile.
 
@@ -77,10 +97,10 @@ def gaussian_bunch(time, sigma):
         Bunch profile in [s**-1] sampled at points given in time.
     """
     return np.exp(-1/2*(time**2/sigma**2))/(sigma*np.sqrt(2*np.pi))
-        
-        
-def beam_spectrum(frequency, M, bunch_spacing, sigma=None, 
-                  bunch_spectrum=None): 
+
+
+def beam_spectrum(frequency, M, bunch_spacing, sigma=None,
+                  bunch_spectrum=None):
     """
     Compute the beam spectrum assuming constant spacing between bunches [1].
 
@@ -107,13 +127,13 @@ def beam_spectrum(frequency, M, bunch_spacing, sigma=None,
     [1] Rumolo, G - Beam Instabilities - CAS - CERN Accelerator School: 
         Advanced Accelerator Physics Course - 2014, Eq. 9
     """
-    
+
     if bunch_spectrum is None:
         bunch_spectrum = gaussian_bunch_spectrum(frequency, sigma)
-        
-    beam_spectrum = (bunch_spectrum * np.exp(1j*np.pi*frequency * 
-                                             bunch_spacing*(M-1)) * 
-                     np.sin(M*np.pi*frequency*bunch_spacing) / 
+
+    beam_spectrum = (bunch_spectrum * np.exp(1j*np.pi*frequency *
+                                             bunch_spacing*(M-1)) *
+                     np.sin(M*np.pi*frequency*bunch_spacing) /
                      np.sin(np.pi*frequency*bunch_spacing))
-    
-    return beam_spectrum
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    return beam_spectrum